Propaganda speech Essay

?Homework. Why should we spend our afternoons slaving away doing work that no one wants to do, including the teachers. Teachers spend hours writing out the homework they want us to finish, and when we hand it in, they spend even more hours marking work when they would rather be doing something else, don’t lie teachers, I’ve heard you complain about marking hundreds of pieces of paper about the same exact thing, wouldn’t you rather spend your spare time with your friends and family, no, instead you have to mark other kids repetitive and most likely badly done homework. Homework puts unwanted stress on students, we panic for hours about whether or not we did do enough research, we worry about whether or not we did the homework how the teacher wanted, we sit and hope that we got that good grade our parents were pushing for. We students are forced to spend our afternoons slaving away in front of computers and books doing work that would be much easier and quicker done in class, when work is done in class we are more motivated to finish it, the teachers can hold over our heads the promise of leaving early, the promise of the last five minutes of class being free time, when we are at home there are many distractions such as television, TVs are in almost every teenagers room, providing quick relief from homework, what about the internet, it can be accessed almost anywhere, there is no more tempting distraction than the internet . And what example is being set for children, you go to school and do your work, and when you get home the work doesn’t stop, we aren’t allowing a balance that will assist student when they go out to the workforce. Students have other commitments that don’t include homework, just like the teachers. Some of them have after school activities such as part time work, driving lessons, plans with their friends, and many of them do after school sports, all of which are affected by homework. They get homework at school and realise that their plans are gone. They can’t go to that movie they had been planning on going to for days with their friends, they don’t have time to rest and relax when they get home from netball or tennis or soccer they have to finish their homework. Homework prevents socialisation that is necessary for the proper development of kids and teenagers. Homework can also be blamed for students staying inside all the time, if we have homework, we rush home to finish it, burning the daylight trying to finish so we have time to do something outside, but by the time we finish the mountains of homework, the sun is gone and all that is left to do is stay inside and eat and watch television, leading to the high numbers of childhood obesity. Nelson Mandela once said ‘after climbing a great hill, one only finds that there are many more hills to climb’. I think this famous quote applies to this situation, no matter how much homework we do or how well done it is, there is always more homework the next day, the next week, it never ends. The topic has been debated and debated, is homework really beneficial for school students, schools are already trialling the no homework idea, and it’s working, so should we have to toil away doing homework while they spend their days having fun, and my answer is NO, it needs to be removed from the school system is what I say, will you agree?

Atm Skimming

————————————————- ATM Skimming An Ethical Look April 16, 2013 In the world we live in today our currency is promises. Our money is just paper backed by the promise of the United States government to back it up with hard currency, i. e. gold. Due to our lack of hard currency in everyday life there are many different ways to pay for things. These include: checks, credit cards, paper currency, and bank cards. One thing that has not changed about money is that, like every other thing valuable, people will try to steal it no matter its form.One of the most damaging types of thefts now is that of ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Skimming. Most people keep the bulk of their capital in banks. They use ATMs to access that money. Thieves have a way to conspicuously steal the information unique to their accounts so they can access others’ money. This is devastating to people and it is this issue on which I write. On February 12, 2013 an article was written. It was entitled ‘How alleged crooks used ATM skimmers to compromise thousands of accounts’. Federal Authorities have charged two men with running an operation to gain control of over 6,000 bank accounts.The banks targeted included: Capital One, J. P. Morgan Chase, among others. These criminals bought card readers and installed them on top of ATMs and doors to ATMs. They also made hidden pinhole cameras to watch people put in their pins. These people supposedly led a group of 9 or more people who put these devices all over cities. These cities included Manhattan, Chicago, and Milwaukee. The people would then use the information to make fake cards, which would be used for false purchases and withdrawals. This operation had â€Å"stash locations† to manage the information.One such facility had hundreds of hours of footage showing PINs being input. More than 1,000 blank cards were also fo und here. Due to the gravity of the crimes these men face around 40 years in jail. Prosecutors are also moving to seize $3 million from the men. The article goes on to say that ATM skimming has been going on for a decade and thieves are constantly improving their methods. The article suggests that the ATM skimming has been around for over ten years. That surprised me because I had only heard of this recently. Just like all technology, the technology that thieves use to perfect this form of theft also improves with time.The article also indicates that even though law enforcement and the general public are more aware, that this type of theft will not go away any time soon. The bible says that people perish for lack of knowledge. I believe news shows like Dateline NBC and 60 minutes should create stories around this issue. These shows have a large number of viewers and are shown during primetime. Their reporters are well respected and the information they provide is factual and the rep orters are credible. People also should become more aware of their surroundings. There are some precautions a person may keep in mind when using the ATM machine.One precaution is using the machine in daylight or well lit areas. Well lit areas can ensure that one is able to check the machine for any abnormalities or devices that may appear foreign in nature. Another precaution is to use a walk up versus a drive through machine. Driver through machines may be more awkward to maneuver from a car window and thus not as easy to investigate for abnormalities. A final suggestion is to use the ATM attached to a bank with which you are familiar. Convenience stores, dry cleaners, and even gas stations now have ATM machines as incentive to pay with cash for an advertised discount.Many of these machines are sponsored by companies that are not familiar to most consumers. I do not trust this kind of ATM and believe them to be the most susceptible to this kind of theft. What better way to manipula te the ATM machine than to build one and then entice people to use your machine? Banks also have a huge responsibility to inform its customers of the risk factors associated with using an ATM machine. When a person opens an account there should be a brief overview of this threat and even a pamphlet that outlines warning signs and indicators that the ATM may be compromise. Stealing funds from a bank is a federal offense.Though punishable by imprisonment, I would like to see legislation that toughens the sentencing guidelines around this issue. Preying on innocent people who are trying to access their own money is should be punishable to the fullest extent of the law. It should not be treated as a white collar crime where the criminal, after being found guilty, spends a few years in a federal â€Å"country club†. They should be made to serve time with other harden criminals and ordered to pay restitution to their victims. The bottom line is we live in a world where some people will always try to create a way to steal from others.These are the people who would rather take advantage of someone versus making an honest living at a worthwhile endeavor. Knowing this we must always keep our eyes open and our minds alert, especially when using an ATM machine. Technological advances will make this difficult for the novice and doing business with a bank that provides for return of your funds if stolen is a plus. However, the feeling of violation when someone takes what rightfully belongs to you and the inconvenience of filing the report and waiting the return of your money are even more recent to stay informed on this issue and be very cautious when using an ATM machine.The act of ATM skimming breaks almost every guideline in the ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Article 1. 1 of the ACM Code of Ethics States that we should â€Å"Contribute to society and human well-being† The acts that I have described were the opposite of this ideal. These thieve s selfishly used their knowledge of technology to take advantage of a system and profit from it at the expense of society and human well-being. Other articles that these criminals violated were Article 1. 7 â€Å"Respect the privacy of others† and Article 1. â€Å"Honor confidentiality†. They violated others’ privacy in order to gain from their information. The very core of the ideas from the ACM Code of Conduct stems from the belief that we as technical minded people should help and not hurt others with our knowledge. The advantage that we have been given is to be used for the benefit of, and not the detriment of others. I feel as though these individuals should be given a fair trial under the laws of the United States Court system. If they are found guilty they should be punished to the full extent of the law.They stole from people using knowledge that would have been better served toward helping others than hurting others. They took advantage of the system in a way that was unethical and hurtful. They should repent to society. Bibliography Council, ACM. ACM Code of Ethics. 16 10 1992. Web Site. 16 April 2013. Goodin, Dan. â€Å"How alleged crooks used ATM skimmers to compromise thousands of accounts. † Ars Technica (2013). Internet. Hampton University. Student Technology Guide. n. d. PDF File. 16 April 2013.

Buck ONeil - Address at the National Baseball Hall of Fame

John Jordan Buck ONeil Speech at the at the National Baseball Hall of Fame delivered 30 June 2006 Alright, sit down. This is outstanding! Ive been a lot of places. Ive done a lot of things that I really liked doing. I hit the homerun. I hit the grand slam homerun. I hit for the cycle. Ive had a hole-in-one in golf. Ive done a lot of things I liked doing. I shook hands with President Truman. Yeah. Oh, man, I took Oh, [shook hands] with the other President and Ihugged his wife, Hillary. So Ive done a lot of things I liked doing. But Id rather be right here, right now, representing these people that helped build a bridge across the chasm of prejudice not just the ones like Charlie Pride and me that later crossed it. Yeah. This is quite an honor for me.See, I played in the Negro Leagues. Tell you what: The Negro Leagues was nothing like Hollywood try to make it. The Negro Leagues was the third largest black business in this country. Yeah. First, black insurances to white insurances ten cent policy, just enough to bury us. But the black insurances insured our crops, our homes, yeah , our stock. They made millions. Next, Madame C.J. Walker cosmetology. You see that pretty hair over there? Dont you see it on Mrs. Robinson? Tell you what. Yeah. Thats right. Yeah. Yeah. Madame C. J. Walker was doing that a hundred years ago, and she made millions, to tell you the truth. Madame C. J. Walker was the first black woman millionaire in this country. And to tell you Madam C.J. Walker might have been the first woman millionaire in the country that earned it. They had other women millionaires but they inherited the money. Madam C.J. Walker earned it. Next, Negro League baseball. All you needed was a bus, and we rode in some of the best buses money could buy, yeah, a couple of sets of uniforms. You could have 20 of the best athletes that ever lived. And that’s who we are representing here today. It was outstanding. And playing in the Negro leagues what a lot of you don’t know. See, when I played in the Negro leagues I first came to the Negro leagues five percent of Major League ball players were college men because the major leaguers wanted them right out of high school, put them in the minor league, bring them on in. But Negro leagues, 40 percent of Negro leagues, leaguers, were college men. The reason that was, we always spring trained in a black college town and that’s who we played in spring training, the black colleges. So when school was out, they came and played baseball. When baseball season was over, they’d go back to teaching, to coaching, or to classes. That was Negro League baseball. And Im proud to have been a Negro league ball player. Yeah, yeah. And I tell you what, they always said to me Buck, I know you hate people for what they did to you or what they did to your folks. I said, No, man, I I never learned to hate. I hate cancer. Cancer killed my mother. My wife died 10 years ago of cancer. (Im single, ladies.) A good friend of mine I hate AIDS. A good friend of mine died of AIDS three months ago. I hate AIDS. But I can’t hate a human being because my God never made anything ugly. Now, you can be ugly if you wanna, boy, but God didn’t make you that way. Uh, uh. So, I want you to light this valley up this afternoon. Martin [Luther King] said Agape is understanding, creative a redemptive good will toward all men. Agape is an overflowing love which seeks nothing in return. And when you reach love on this level, you love all men, not because you like em, not because their ways appeal to you, but you love them because God loved them. And I love Jehovah my God with all my heart, with all my soul, and I love every one of you as I love myself. Now, I want you to do something for me. I’m fixin to get off this stage now. I think I done my six minutes. But I want you to do something for me. I want you to hold hands. Whoever’s next to you, hold a hand. Come on, you Hall of Famers, hold hands. All you people out there, hold hands. Everybody hooked up? Everybody hooked up? Well then I tell you what. See, I know my brothers up here, my brothers over there I see some black brothers of mine and sisters out there I know they can sing. Can you white folks sing? I want you to sing after me: The greatest thing come on everybody The greatest thing in all of my life is loving you. The greatest thing in all of my life is loving you. The greatest thing in all of my life is loving you. The greatest thing in all my life is loving you. ¹ Thank you, folks. Thank you, folks. Thank you, folks. Thank you, folks. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Now, sit down. Now, sit down. I could talk to you 10 minutes longer, but I got to go to the bathroom. Book/CDs by Michael E. Eidenmuller, Published by McGraw-Hill (2008)  ¹ = from the contemporary Christian praise song, The Greatest Thing by Mark Pendergrass, Sparrow Records (1977) See also: The Negro League Baseball Players Association and The Baseball Hall of Fame. Copyright Status: Text, Audio = Uncertain.

Describle the signaling pathways responsible for regulating the Research Paper

Describle the signaling pathways responsible for regulating the release of the pancreatic zymogens from the pancreatic acinar ce - Research Paper Example The paper highlights the presence of receptors and secretagogues that initiate the secretion of the zymogens. The main secreatagogues include the acetylcholine, cholecystokinin and other associated peptides. The paper also describes the mechanism of calcium ion signalling pathway in regulating secretion. Moreover, the paper provides details of the secretion mechanism, detailing all the mechanism and their regulation. Regulation of the pancreatic function in the acinar cells is complex, and scientists are yet to describe all the mechanisms in depth. Introduction The functioning of the pancreas presents complex pathways. The organ exhibits both exocrine and endocrine functions. The fact that the peculiar organ exhibits both of these function s has intrigued scientists to unveil the regulatory mechanism that govern its function. As expected, the organ has both neural and hormonal forms of regulation. Pancreatic duct cells secrete a combination of fluid and bicarbonate ions responsible f or the neutralization of gastric contents in the duodenum. Since this secretion involves a duct, it defines the exocrine function of the organ. On the other hand, the pancreas consists of four types of endocrine cells that secrete varying hormones. The alpha cells are responsible for glucagon secretion, while the beta cells produce insulin. In addition, there is production of somatostatin from delta cells, and pancreatic polypeptide from PP cells. Structural studies of the pancreas indicate an assembly of the endocrine cells in the islets. This paper will highlight the regulatory mechanisms of the acinar cells responsible for the secretion of the juices that play a role in digestion. Acinar cells of the pancreas bear the responsibility of synthesis and secretion of the numerous enzymes that aid in digestion of nutrients in the small intestine lumen. The critical function played by the digestive enzymes necessitates the availability of both short and long-term regulation. Such regula tion serves to ensure a supply of the enzymes after food intake. The regulation process requires the availability of receptors and secretagogues that initiate the secretion process (Husain, and Thrower 466-7). Receptors and Secretagogues The primary secretagogues responsible for initiating secretions from acinar cells are acetylcholine and cholecystokinin (CCK) (Wu et al 642). The vagal postganglionic neurons are responsible for the release of acetylcholine. On the other hand, CCK comes from the intestinal endocrine cells. Moreover, secretin, a secretagogue for initiating secretion in duct cells also plays a critical role in the acinar cells. There are numerous receptors for hormones, growth factors, and neurotransmitters in the acinar cells. Studies reveal that activity on these receptors influence the secretion patterns of the acinar cells. CCK has the potential of activating CCK receptors on the vagal afferent endings. Scientists have described the mechanism responsible for this activation as paracrine. Other studies have highlighted that CCK advances to the blood and exerts control on the contractile mechanisms of the gall bladder. This triggers emptying of the bladder. Animal studies have established that CCK receptors play a vital role in the acinar cells of rodents. However, studies are yet to confirm the role of the same in humans. In addition, the acinar cells exhibit effects of other peptides responsible for

You are asked to provide an analytical profile of the international Essay

You are asked to provide an analytical profile of the international activity of Tescos the major international retail company - Essay Example TESCO opened their first Express store in 1994 and now they have over 500 stores selling a range of up to 7,000 lines including fresh produce, wines and spirits and in-store bakery. .(Tesco Core,2005) Metro (approx. 7,000-15,000 sq ft) TESCO opened their first Metro in 1992,bringing the convenience of TESCO to town and city centre locations. Metros cater for thousands of busy customers each week and offer a tailored range of food lines, including ready-meals and sandwiches. .(Tesco Core,2005) Superstore (approx. 20,000-50,000 sq ft) Tesco began opening superstores in the 1970s and during the 1980s and 1990s built a national network, to which additional are being made every year. They have an ongoing programme of extending and refreshing their superstores to improve the overall experience for customers. In recent years they have introduced a number of new non-food ranges into superstores such as DVDs and books. .(Tesco Core,2005) Extra (approx. 60,000 sq ft and above) Since opening their first Extra in 1997,the one-stop destination store has proved extremely popular. Extra stores offer the widest range of food and non-food lines, ranging from electrical equipment to homewares, clothing, health and beauty and seasonal items such as garden furniture. The 100th Extra was opened in 2004 and around twenty new Extras open each year, many from extending existing superstores.(Tesco Core,2005) The TESCO strategy aims for equivalent strength in non-food segment as in its food segment. This has meant that TESCO has been making efforts to offer the same great quality, range, price and service for our customers as they do in our food business. TESCO’s widest range of non-food can be seen in Extra stores, including electricals, home entertainment, clothing, health and beauty, stationery, cook shop and soft furnishings, and seasonal goods such as barbecues and garden furniture in the summer. Some of TESCO stores also

Human rights in libya Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human rights in libya - Essay Example ministrations and amidst the progressive clashes in others, the hopes for meaningful and permanent human rights changes in these nations and the areas had vanished. In both the Tunisian and Egyptian elections, the parties that had gotten the highest support were in now way committed to the communal principles of human rights. This same scenario has been witnessed in Libya where the post-dictatorship systems are even more unpredictable. The statements about human rights in the discussion of the Arab revolutions had all but vanished (St. John, 2011). This paper considers some of the aspects that have led to this rather disappointing outcome specifically in Libya. The paper proves that political, religious, and cultural factors played a significant role in this failure. As Fathali Moghaddam (2012) points out, dictatorship, not democracy, has characterized human life for many centuries now. This means that our psychological faculties have developed within this framework of social relations. Dictatorship has been the main type of rule for thousands of years, while democracy and by extension human rights have taken much time to form and relocate dictatorship. Dictatorship is much more prevalent that one would acknowledge it is. Libya, for example, has not known anything else apart from tribal regimes and autocracy in one way or another all through its history until the Arab Spring in 2012. In order to understand the reasons why human rights might remain a dream in Libya even after the change of rule, it is important to understand some of the primary elements of psychology that make it possible for dictators such as Gaddafi to assume and stay in power. This can best be seen in what Fathali Moghaddam refers to as the springboard to dictatorship model. In this model, it is clear that it is not only the dictatorship of the person that contributes to his ascension to power, but also the environment of the situation that contributes to the opportunity for dictatorship to

Sonnys Blues or To Build A fire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sonnys Blues or To Build A fire - Essay Example Baldwin effectively uses characterization, conflict and setting to explore the relationship between the narrator and his younger sibling. The contrasting characters of the narrator and Sonny delineates their relationship. The narrator is an algebra teacher, whose point of view describes his own life and Sonnys. He is a practical family man who is aware of his responsibilities and is content to earn a living and carry on as best as he can. He is willing to accept the status quo of the world. He believes in â€Å"will power and how life could be well, beautiful† (Baldwin, 21-1). He is seven years older than Sonny and feels a sense of responsibility towards his younger brother. He promises their mother, â€Å"I wont let nothing happen to Sonny† (Baldwin, 11-5). On the other hand, Sonny is the boy with â€Å"wonderfully direct brown eyes, and great gentleness and privacy† (Baldwin, 1-3), who is in search of meaning and identity. He is not content to follow the beaten track and wants to make jazz his life. Their contrasting characters leads to conflict in their relationship. The conflict in the relationship between the two brothers is brought about by two sources: Sonny’s drug use and his choice of jazz as a career. The narrator expects Sonny to complete school and settle down to a safe, respectable livelihood. To the narrator, jazz is â€Å"hanging around nightclubs, clowning around on bandstands, while people pushed each other around a dance floor† (Baldwin, 12-8). He sees no future in jazz as a way of earning a living. He cannot understand Sonny’s stand â€Å"that its the only thing I want to do† (Baldwin, 13-8). To Sonny, jazz is his life. The narrator also cannot accept Sonny’s drug addiction and finds his brother’s life â€Å"weird and disordered† (Baldwin, 16-5). The conflict between them builds up and leads to their estrangement, which is emphasized by the setting of the story. The setting of the

The Use and Abuse of Power in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Use and Abuse of Power in Management - Essay Example Hence, power is an inherent characteristic of organisational action. Leaders and organisational management find â€Å"continued opportunity to sharpen their power-use skills in every contact they make in the group and with relevant stakeholders† (Fairholm 1993: 37). Power is an essential part of the organisational decision making undertaken by managers, and forms the medium of leadership. It plays a critical role in the selection of key staff, in resource allocation, in promotion actions, reorganisation decisions, and in the development, flow, and use of information. Power is also considered in motivational terms to be the critical difference â€Å"between the person who seeks to control the conduct of the individual and the group, and the leader who exercises control over the results they achieve† (Fairholm 1993: 46). In contemporary organisations, effective leadership depends on the use of power for success; therefore skilled use of power forms the core accomplishment in organisations. Contrasting with the use of power is the other side of the corporate coin in the form of abuse of power by organisational leadership. Increasingly, large corporation engage in corruption, and misuse of the immense power they have built up. The corporate world is overreaching the power it has amassed, similar to power in other domains such as in politics, which also exceed their limit when permitted. Due to its excessively predatory practices, the atmosphere in today’s corporate world has been termed as ‘piratical’. Abuse of power reveals itself in several ways. The most disturbing occurrences pertain to â€Å"the efforts of corporations to conscript the political process for their own benefit through their large financial contributions, both legal and illegal† (Clinard 1990: 6). Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of power in organisations. The dynamics of power will include the theoretical back ground on the use and abuse of power by leaders, examination of a case study and illustrations through organisational examples. THE DYNAMICS OF POWER IN ORGANISATIONS According to Pfeffer (1992), besides organisational leaders, the members of an organisation vie with each other for dominance. They compete for the power to get their own way, while confronting competitive action by others in their intimate work group. This situation takes five aspects into consideration. Organisational participants interact continually with people in an interdependent relationship with them. The participants are in a competitive situation regarding who among them will achieve the desired goals. Scarcity forms a part of the situation to some extent. â€Å"The participants attach enough importance to the situation, goals, or approach that they are willing to engage their energy in this relationship† (Fairholm 1993: 30). These five dimensions of the power relationship also defines typical organisa tional life. Employees’ understanding of a situation increases by viewing the relationship in political power terms. Theoretical Background: Use and Abuse of Power in Organisations Leadership is a relational term, it identifies a relationship in which â€Å"some people are able to persuade others to adopt new values, attitudes and goals, and to exert effort on behalf of those values and goals† (Hogg 2005: 53). The relationship is almost always defined within the

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Microeconomics - Essay Example The nation with the greatest income disparity associated with inequality is Great Britain (Economist, 2007). Having equity in a system is very important. Equity is relative to the size of the family nucleus. A family with an income of $40,000 with six members has a lower standard of living than a single person with the same income. The importance about balance is that it has helped transform the United States into a society in which unity exists due to the existence of equity. In any system in which inequality a way to change the nation faith is by emphasising in the nation’s educational system. Those who waited for the reward that comes with education will have more opportunities that those who are not in a position to do the same and achieve a higher educational status such as a bachelors or a masters degree. In the village depicted in the story Patient Capital (2007) the Indian tribe members were witness of inequality rising within their communities due to a variety of factors. One of the most influential factors for the appearance of inequality among the Indian members was education levels. Most of the society did not have opportunities for college education due to family and village responsibilities which were necessary for the survival of a group of people living in very high levels of poverty. The educated member of the tribe gain much more wealth than the rest of the members. In the United its agriculture trajectory is good example how a group of people was able to evolve its economy by switching from agriculture model to a manufacturing and service economy. Such an economy is better able to provide greater levels of income which improve standard of living of the people. There are many persons in the US who have struggled to break the barriers of inequality. In systems such as the United States prior to the civil movements of the 1960’s or in South Africa prior to the elimination of apartheid in 1994

Research Proposal Essay Example for Free

Research Proposal Essay Correctional inmates engage in drug-related and sexual risk behaviors, and the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases occurs in correctional facilities. However, there is uncertainty about the extent of transmission, and hyperbolic descriptions of its extent may further stigmatize inmates and elicit punitive responses. Whether infection was acquired within or outside correctional facilities, the prevalence of HIV and other infectious diseases is much higher among inmates than among those in the general community, and the burden of disease among inmates and releases is disproportionately heavy. A comprehensive response is needed, including voluntary counseling and testing on request that is linked to high-quality treatment, disease prevention education, substance abuse treatment, and discharge planning and transitional programs for releases. General area being studied Sexual activity among inmates is a complex phenomenon that occurs along a continuum, from the entirely consensual to the violently coerced. The New York Times detailed a gang-run system of sexual slavery in a Texas prison, where at least 1 gay inmate claimed he was bought and sold numerous times and â€Å"forced into oral sex and anal sex on a daily basis. 9 Recent federal legislation called for research into the prevalence and patterns of rape and other sexual victimization within correctional facilities to inform policy changes aimed at controlling these abuses. 9 A Human Rights Watch report presented accounts of sexual slavery from inmates in Texas, Illinois, Michigan, California, and Arkansas and asserted that sexual victimization threatens inmates’ essential human rights. Importance of the studied area Conditions vary widely between correctional facilities and among these conditions is an opportunity for inmates to engage in sexual activity and drug use. Despite the denials of many correctional administrators, sexual activity and illicit drug use do take place in prisons and jails. A survey of inmates in a southeastern state prison system estimated that, on average, 44% of the inmates had sexual contact with other inmates. 1 Studies of US correctional systems published between 1982 and 2002 found that anywhere from 2% to 65% of inmates had homosexual contact while incarcerated. Studies of incoming, current, and former inmates in New York City, Illinois, Canada, Hungary, Thailand, and many other countries showed the prevalence and the riskiness of inmates’ sexual and drug use behaviors. 2–7 Because of the general lack of condoms and sterile needles/syringes, such behavior may involve greater risk within correctional facilities than on the outside. 8 Stated Problem During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, prisons and jails were commonly called breeding grounds for AIDS. Such statements are still made today. A Google search on May 19, 2005, of the terms breeding ground AND HIV AND prisons yielded more than 800 entries from newspapers, United Nations agencies, AIDS activist groups, and human rights organizations around the world. However intended, such opinions imply that unprotected sex and the sharing of drug injection equipment are rampant in prisons and that these activities commonly result in the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Background of problem Overall, there are uncertainties about the extent and the nature of infectious disease transmission within correctional facilities. Some of the aforementioned studies reached qualitative conclusions about the extent of transmission that are not supported by their analyses. Moreover, even when studies estimated the annual incidence of infection among inmates, the meaning and significance of such figures are not clear. On its face, an annual incidence rate of 0. 5% seems low. Yet, if such rates are applied to the total prison population, or even to that proportion of prisoners who engage in high-risk sexual or drug use behaviors, they may translate into substantial numbers of infections. However, even such numbers do not justify the use of metaphors such as â€Å"breeding ground† to characterize correctional facilities. Although some inmates are clearly being infected as a result of drug-related and sexual risk behaviors while incarcerated, the vast majority of cases among inmates probably are the result of exposure while in the general community. Sexually transmitted diseases are known to be more prevalent in correctional facilities. Although, sexual activity is prohibited in prisons sex acts still takes place. Transmitted diseases are higher among jail and prison population because inmates do not have access to condoms. Correctional facilities see giving condoms to inmates as encouraging homosexuality. However, numerous local screening studies and several national literature reviews reveal that women specifically girls in juvenile facilities and women in adult correctional facilities are more likely to have a sexually transmitted disease than men in these type facilities (Hammett, 2009). According, to the HIV and Aids Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Incarceration, among Women National and Southern perspectives study; the prevalence of HIV and other Sexually transmitted diseases are higher amongst female than male population in jail and prison facilities. This study advises the infectious disease HIV is three percent to two percent nationally. However HIV is found to be more common among prisoners released from correctional facilities in the south. In 1999 twenty six percent of people living with HIV were released from prison or jail that year. The study also reflects fifteen percent of women with HIV were correctional releases; the study also suggests that incarceration rates are higher in the south than majority of other regions and most women with HIV are poor African American women from rural areas (Hammett, 2009). However, one must ask themselves does this study reflect inmates going in to serve a sentence or inmates being released from prison. Because there are several ways in which males can contract HIV.

Life In Relation To Play Our Town English Literature Essay

Life In Relation To Play Our Town English Literature Essay The play Our Town focuses on the day to day life of the American family referring to the intimacy in the personal lives of individuals. It starts with the lifes daily routine and practices that are a necessity. Stage Manager, who happens to be Our Town narrator, goes into each distinct detail outlining the themes, plot and the use of symbols and motifs to put in more emphasis on the idea behind the play. The representation of the deepest aspects of life is further echoed through George Gibbs and Emily Webb as their wedding is being celebrated in Act 2. Our Town makes an attempt to analyse the life in the England New town in the twentieth century, and effects of change in the towns life through industrialization and immigration as show in the mention of Polish Town, in relation to the present life. In wilders conquest to explore the theme of Transience of human life from the day to day perspective, he analyses the stability of the effects of traditions and the steadfast reassurance of our natural environment (James 76). The lives of individuals are taking a transience course in Our Town. This is greatly influenced by how first time passes. It is noted that time seems to pass extremely first for the characters in the play without their realization. Human beings are brought out in the light of being powerless in possessing the ability to control the advancement in time. It is more difficult to understand the nature of human beings in the quest of appreciating how precious transience of life is paramount. In act 1, mainly referred to as Daily Life by the Stage Manager, gives more evidence of the importance and value of the daily routine activities in the life of the people. Wilder gives more important significance to simple acts, which are taken with less attentiveness by the characters as paramount time frame activities. These everyday activities include having breakfast and feeding the chicken. These bring in the effectiveness of the scene in Gibbs and Webbs home set up. Both families are entailed with the responsibility to prepare their children to go to school. Howie Newsome, the local milk man is seen to make appearance in the morning scene throughout the play. This is a direct attribution to everyones daily life, then and a t present. This echoes the aspect outlining continuity of life in the Grovers Corner and in relation to general experiences of human being. The congregational seen in the church during a choir practise session, results into a discussion between Mrs Gibbs, Mrs Webb, Mrs Soames about Simon Stimson who happens to be the renown church organist, with a character of alcoholism. His perceived non conformity nature has made him the subject of gossips in the town. Emily and George come back from school in the evening. George is obligated to seat down and concentrate in the large work load in his schoolwork. On the other hand Emily is elevated as the best student, through her recent performance in her class. The two youths make an arrangement for Emily to provide assistance to George in his academic work. This begins in the afternoon when the school breaks off. George Gibbs and Emily Webbs meet outside Emilys house gate. The first insight of a romantic affair between the two youths can be clearly seen. Subsequent conversations between Emily and her mother put more emphasis in this aspect of affection in her relationship with George. The singing of the choir at the orchestra pit, during the choir practise session, seems to allude to the conversation going on between George and Emily at the open windows. When George returns home, he sits at the window with his Sister Rebecca looking outside. Rebecca has a mental confusion about the Grovers Corner position in relation to the universe and its vastness. She shares her idea with George; out lining her believe that all these are contained in the powers of a supreme God. When night falls Mrs Gibbs fall into a discussion with her husband. She tells her husband that the drinking behaviour of the organist is the worst to be ever witnessed in the town. The commonplaces and activities dwelled on in act 1 puts more emphasis on the rebirth, dawn and commencement of youthful love between Emily and George, and are presumed to end up into marriage. The major significance and clarity of the minor aspects in the inclusive scenes of Act one, are mainly depicted from the predictable and trivial activities that follow each other. Wilder says that, the majority of people tend to live through the first part of their lives without considering, the priceless value of their consequent encounters in their everyday actions. This could be greeting people they meet, pursuing an education, and having breakfast with other members of the family. This first scene demonstrates the connection among people through humanity. Daily life being the important subject that has been addr essed, stereotypes the character of an average family in America. Act two, is focused on George and Emily wedding. This happens after three years. In an attempt to see her fiancà © at their home, he is denied the chance by Emilys parents saying that it is a taboo and bad lack to see the bride to be before the material wedding day. Mrs Webb then goes upstairs to ensure that Emily does not come down to meet George. George remains with his future father in-law Mr Webb. They hold a seemingly awkward discussion about marriage, and the qualities that make up a husband who will be virtuous. Mr Webb tells George of the advice that he was given by his father concerning marriage. Webbs father had told him to treat his wife as his own property, and never to allow himself to oblige or respect the needs of his wife. Webb says, he resolved to doing exactly the opposite of that advice and for sure he has lived happily ever since. In conclusion Mr Webb tells George not to follow the advice from anybody but formulate his own ways of living with his wife amicably. The importance of companionship is another theme that has been emphasised by Wilder. He suggests that, love is meant to be the highest level of creativity for human beings to gain their desired achievements, in relation to the advancement in time factor. As a matter of fact, birth and death are inevitable in an individuals life. However the middle stage joining birth and death is of most importance. This is the desire for friendship, love and consequently, companionship. Human beings have been given the potential to control this aspect of a persons life. The inhabitants of the Grovers Corner take adequate time from their other activities, to ensure that they build connections with one another. This could be either through the ideal chat, shown by the milkman and the small conversations among the neighbours. The most out spoken relationship is that between George and Emily involving romance, followed by courtship that resulted into marriage. This is established as the second stage in the cycle of everyday life in the town. It is where people grow up and develops, then marries one another. This second act is dominated by love and resultant marriage, which is a phenomenon that is natural and move the human race forward. The flow of events is interrupted by being taken back to the end of the junior year In Emily and Georges education. Emily decides to take up against Georges pride. This brings in a heated discussion on their future and the love they share with each other. From school Emily tells George that, the popular status that he is having in the schools society at the moment, is making him feel conceited and more stuck up. This is due to the fact that, George has been appointed the class president, and on the other hand, Emily has been chosen the class secretary and consequently the treasurer. In addition to Georges position, he has also become a famous local star in the baseball arena. George is hurt by these remarks but appreciates for Emilys honesty. The two turn down the argument and catch up on ice-cream and sodas. Over these drinks, George decides to change his previous plan to attend an agriculture school and resolve to stay at Grovers corner with the love of his life, Emily. The wedding day is filled controversies and stress. This is shown by George going to see his fiancà © at their home on the wedding day. George being engrossed in nervousness discloses to his mother that, he is not ready to go into marriage. Emily on the other hand, confronts a similar turmoil. She opens up to her father about her anxiety on the marriage, and wishes she could be dead instead of getting married. Nevertheless, they both overcome their fears and gain composure. They proceed to the aisle for the wedding ceremony. Mrs Soames is evidently happy with this wedding saying it is the best ever to be witnessed. The Stage Manager assumes the duties of the clergyman and weds the two. Although Our Town has enormous and prominent instances of romance, this is just but a mere case in the wide range of bonds relating to human being interactions. Several different relationships have been depicted by Wilder in the quest of establishing clear lines between human interrelations in the community. From Act 1, The Stage Manager is out to establish a relationship with the audience. This creates a strong bond between the characters onstage and the offstage audience. The chatting of the milkman and the paperboy establishes a stronger relationship with the members of the Webbs and Gibbs family. Moreover children prefer walking in pairs or groups from school as it helps them to chat and make play games. An aspect of interrelationship is seen in Mrs Gibbs and Mrs Webb, who are next door neighbours and meet time and again in their yards to gossip on issues affecting them or general talk of the town. Collective pronouns in the play also give an attribute to the desire for human bei ngs to be in a community like form. All these aspects attest the significance of companionship in the community. In Act III, Wilder takes as to a cemetery setting at the Grovers Corner. This reflects on the finality of the three main life stages, these are birth, marriage and death. Eternity is emphasised through the action of survival of Emilys second child, while the mother dies in the process of giving birth. This takes place nine years after the marriage ceremony. She leaves her husband and a four year old son in the land of the living as she proceeds to the land of the dead. This brings in the idea that death exists and it is inevitable. This puts more emphasis on the beauty of life, normal lifes rituals and grieving ceremony, immortality and the consequent eternity. It is clear that each and every person must finally die, however to soften this terror of rites of passage, the inner most quality of eternal life must be conceptualized. The coffin containing Emilys body is brought to the cemetery and descended into the grave then buried. Wilder raises her from those mourning, as a spirit to join her other relatives and folks in the land of the dead. These include her mother in-law, Mrs Gibbs, Simon Stimson, and Mrs Soames. Emily envies the life she has left behind on the earth. She realizes the importance and value of life and understands she should take each single day as it comes and live fully. This nostalgic appreciation of life is not shared by the living characters; this is actually shown by her husband who lies beside her grave (Haberman 106). It is paramount to note that the events unfolding in Our Town directly interrelates with the present day life. This brings in the significance of people appreciating their present life and living it to the fullest.

Journal article :: essays research papers

Journal article   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using an academic search engine (Staffordshire university website), a link was found to www.sro.org, which contained many psychology journals on the topic of sleep and dreaming. Many journal articles were found, though the selected journal was ‘Slow wave & REM sleep mentation’ (Cicogna, Natale, Occhionero, Bosinelli 2000), previously used as assessment for the Internet journal assignment. Identifying hypothesis (10)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title is clear and straight to the point, highlighting the essential elements of the study. As the abstract shows, the aim of the journal is to compare the characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS). This would be to accept the hypothesis that dreaming is a continuous act, with allowing the different distributions and levels of REM and SWS to occur at different times during the sleep process. It has been acknowledged that the sleep process is divided into certain stages of REM and non rapid eye movement (NREM), being a crucial difference and the main point for NREM, i.e., SWS not being a part of the dreaming process. There has been much previous research about whether REM sleep can be connected to dreaming, outlaying different theories both for and against. An example of a study is to test participants on recall of their dreams through extreme controlled situations. It was found that 60-70% of SWS stage (3rd & 4th stage of NREM) could be recalled. Though this has not systematically been researched since 1968, it was argued how SWS could be bracketed as a continuous dreaming act when the recall results were so high, compared with the minimalist recall of REM stages. It has been suggested, therefore, that there are multiple generators dealing with these different stages, with the theory that it must be a discontinuous act, due the change of generators. However to put a different spin on the issue, most researchers believe there are some realities between REM and NREM s the term ‘dream’ or ‘dreaming’ does not have a uniform definition. The aim of the experiment is to try and find evidence to establish any connection between REM and SWS and infer a continuous dreaming process. This will be done by studying the differential elements between mental experiences collected in REM and NREM, leading to the suggestion that they are all quantitative. If this is proved then the idea of multiple generators may be eliminated, and replace by a single generator, considering dreaming continuously as fantasies & daydreams during sleep and those during wakening hours)

Censorship is NOT Good Essay -- Censor

Censorship Censorship, a controversial word that has been with us since who knows when. Ancient dictators would burn books because they didn’t like them and force people to believe what he did. The question I ask myself though is if censorship in Libraries and schools is justified. My answer is no, and that is what I will try to convince you. Censorship is ridiculous, unfair and selfish, and censors are hypocritical, intolerant, and arrogant. What I mean when I say censorship is ridiculous is exactly that. In Censorship Opposing Viewpoints, it states that the American Heritage Dictionary was banned from Anchorage, Alaska because of words dubbed obscene, like bed, tail, ball, and nut. At first we laugh at it, but we stop when we hear it has also been banned in Cedar City, Indiana, and Eldon, Missouri. % other dictionaries were banned in Texas. These people that ban them call themselves People for Better Education. I thought dictionaries help you learn? An article in Scholastic Update entitled â€Å"The Case of the disappearing Books† it says last year there were 338 cases of parents trying to remove books, among these was the classic Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. A teacher was fired because she assigned a book with a lesbian as a main character. A parent, Ruth Somoro, said this was being intolerant of religious beliefs, and schools aren’t supposed to promote religious beliefs. Hmm, I don’t get it. The Supreme Court ruled books couldn’t be removed because they dislike ...

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Victim

The Victim of Fate in Oedipus Rex The question has been raised as to whether Oedipus was a victim of fate or of his own actions.   This essay will show that Oedipus was a victim of fate, but he was no puppet because he freely and actively sought his doom, although he was warned many times of the inevitable repercussions of his actions. When first considering this topic, I speculated that maybe it was the destiny of Oedipus to suffer, but a friend asked me to explain why Oedipus, in the act of gouging his eyes out, cries explicitly:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No more, no more shall you look on the misery about me,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The horrors ... ...ology of the Great Myths and Epics.   Illinois: Passport Books, 1988. Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993. Sophocles.   "Oedipus Rex."   An Introduction to Literature, 11th ed.Eds. Sylvan Barnet, et al.   New York: Longman, 1997. 800-836.

Physical Activity in School Aged Children Essay

Obesity and associated health problems are a growing problem in the United States. Within the past 20 years, obesity rates have risen significantly. â€Å"Unhealthy diet and physical inactivity can contribute to or aggravate many chronic diseases and conditions, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers.† (CDC, 2003, pg. 1). More than 80 percent of the youth do not do enough aerobic physical activity to meet the guidelines for Healthy People 2020. (Physical Activity, 2011, pg.1). At least half of youth do not engage in physical activity that promotes long-term health. (Exercise, 2011, para. 1). I have interest in this topic because I always worry if my 6 year old son is getting enough physical activity. He has mild cerebral palsy and has a hard time performing sports, running, or even riding a bike. With all the health benefits physical activity has to offer I wish he could do more. Our family has a history of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke that I do not want my son to inherit. During my pediatric clinical I saw all the school-age children running all over during recess and getting good exercise. This made me even more aware of how my son does not get enough exercise. School –age children is my targeted age group for physical activity. These years are important to development of lifelong exercise. During these years the children are continuing to enhance skills such as eye-hand coordination, agility, speed, and muscular strength. Children need to be involved in physical activity and continue to develop motor skills. Physical activity has many benefits including; positive sense of accomplishment and self-esteem, increasing physical ability, weight control, and socialization. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p. 328-329). In addition, Researchers have found a strong relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement. Children who are active are more likely to have improved concentration, be more attentive, and earn higher grades. Furthermore, participation in organized sports encourages confidence, teamwork, and leadership. â€Å"Children often are more attentive, behave better, and perform as well or better scholastically after participation in physical activity through recess or physical education.† (Mahar, Murphy, Rowe, Golden, Sheilds, & Raedeke, 2006, pg. 2). Much of our time as families is spent doing sedentary activities, including watching television, playing video games, and using the computer. These prevent children from being physically active. This is why I chose to target the parents of school-age children for my brochure. I chose to direct the brochure at the parents because they have a strong influence on the activities their children are doing. Not only can parents limit the sedentary activities but they can engage their children in more physical activity. Active parents set examples and are a powerful stimulus for children to get active. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, â€Å"A sustained 10 percent weight loss will reduce an overweight person’s lifetime medical costs by $2,200 to $5,300 by lowering costs associated with high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and high cholesterol.† (CDC, 2003, pg. 2). Furthermore, children are not always getting the recommended 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity daily through school activities. â€Å"Less than 36 percent of elementary and secondary schools offer daily physical education classes.† (Exercise, 2011, para. 1). This is important for parents to be aware of so they can encourage it at home. The attached brochure has many ideas on how to engage children in physical activity. Some are as easy as washing the car or taking the dog for a walk. Children will not even know they are excising. Throughout the growth process, there are specific cognitive, psychosocial, and physical milestones that school-age children are expected to reach. Cognitively, children reach the stage of concrete operational thought at about 7 years old. This stage allows school-age children to consider alternative solutions and solve problems. Still, school-age children continue to count on on concrete experiences and materials to form their thought content. Furthermore, they learn the concept of conservation (that matter is not changed when its form is altered. The cognitive growth at this stage is aided by reading, crafts, word puzzles, and school work. Staying physically active will help with the cognitive growth process. Researchers have found a strong relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement. Children who are active are more likely to have improved concentration, be more attentive, and earn higher grades. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p.97). Psychosocially, school-age child tends to have many friends and willingly interacts with others to accomplish tasks. From these activities and relationships they develop a feeling of accomplishment. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p. 97). The children often play together as interaction. Being physically active allows children to play together and reach that sense of accomplishment and play cooperatively. The physical changes that school-age children go through start with the long bones which continue to grow, jaw proportions are changed as teeth are lost, body organs and the immune system mature causing fewer illnesses and the urinary system can adjust to changes in fluid status. Furthermore, physical skills are being refined and fine motor skills are well-developed. To achieve the physical and motor skills the children need to be physically active. Playing sports really helps refine the physical skills. (Ball & Bindler, 2008, p. 95-96). The attached brochure I created for school-age children’s parents should be accessible through the child’s school, pediatrician’s office or other specialty medical offices. If possible it would be great to see this information in a parents magazine (e.g., Parenting) and on websites that parents use for resources (e.g., Children’s Hospital, www.chw.org). In addition this brochure would be great to have at facilities for children’s therapy or any events children and parents might be attending. In conclusion the attached brochure was developed to meet the educational needs of parents to help their children. The brochure has risk factors that parents can relate to. There are also statistics to help make my statement stand out and prove to the parents how important physical activity is. The brochure clearly states the recommended amount of time per day children should be active and ideas to help them achieve this goal. I also, added pictures to attract them to read it. Completing this activity taught me how important it is to be involved in children’s lives and keep them active. So many parents allow their children to play video games and surf the internet and you see more children struggling in school or with their weight. Now, as a mother I am more aware of the benefits physical activity has for my child. As a future registered nurse, I have the knowledge to teach parents the importance of staying active and preventing chronic illnesses. References Ball, J. W. & Bindler, R.C. (2008). Pediatric nursing-Caring for children (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (Aug, 2003). Preventing obesity and chronic diseases through good nutrition and physical activity. Retrieved October 25, 2011 from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/publications/factsheets/prevention/pdf/obesity.pdf. Exercise. (2011). Retrieved October 30, 2011 from http://www.chw.org/display/router.asp?DocID=23509# Mahar, M. T., Murphy, S.K., Rowe, D.A., Golden, J., Sheilds, A.T., & Raedeke, T.D. (2006). Effects of a classroom-based program on physical activity and on-task behavior. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. American College of Sports Medicine 38(12):2086-2094. Physical Activity. (2011, October 31). Retrieved November 1, 211 from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=33

Compare and Contrast Christians vs Muslims

As with most religions studied all around the world both Islamic and Christian faith are viewed as powerful and life changing lifestyle in a religious aspect. Although, they are both unique in their own way both religions have helped to shape the people in which they are practiced by. In the essay below you will encounter the differences and similarities which make these religions what they are to the people who practice them. Although, no one religion is greater than the other they are only as great as the people who vow to live them daily.Christian and Muslim faith have both help to develop the country, America as two of the most widely practiced religions, and although they are different they both have made positive impact in the development of the country. With a place like America, considering the freedom of the people, the views and morals and values of the people, who inhabit this beautiful country it is not hard to figure out why they call it the â€Å"melting pot. † D epending on who is describing its beauty, to most it would be known as the American dream, mostly to those who do no live here and want to come here.When people speak of America they speak of freedom, freedom to live as they want, freedom to say what they want, freedom to do as they want and the freedom to dream as they want. All of these things and more make up what America is known for. However, although, living freely is something that is precious to those who come here, one of the most important aspects to living freely as they would like is the fact that they are welcomed here no matter what religion. With religion being such a big part in most people's lives it is not uncommon to see people engaging in it everyday.Although there are many different religions, in America two of the most common religion happens to be Christianity and the Islamic religion, Muslim. Although, these two religions differ, they also have their similarities, both religions believe that there is only one true God that sends down a messenger to observe the people, they both believe in a better reward in the after life if they live their lives well and according to the commands of their God. Both religions rely on a books in which they use to guide them through life.They both praise and worship their Gods, although in different ways and they both practice certain commands of their God to show their appreciation for life given to them by the Gods they serve. However, to accurately pick apart these two religions, and translate their full value, would probably be impossible, because neither religion nor how it’s practiced is fully understood by the people who practice it. However, both do have their own views as to how things came about, how things should be done, and the consequences of not doing as their God would have them to do.To know the difference between the two, to understand that aspect, it is first important to understand what each religion is, and how they came about. Practicing Christianity means to practice a religion based on the belief in Jesus Christ. They believe that Jesus, by dying and rising from the dead, made up for the sin of Adam and thus redeemed the world, allowing all who believe in him to enter heaven. Christians rely on the Bible as the inspired word of God.The Bible is their book of direction, written by the disciples and followers of God and translated to them from Him so that the people will follow these directions for their daily lives. To them the word was breathed by God. It is even fair to say that one of the biggest differences between the two is that Christianity is more about the relationship with God rather than the religious practice. The Christian population believe that in order to truly worship God, one must get close to him and develop a relationship with him, with that, the closer you are to him, the more you will become like him.It is believed that God allows each and every Christian to develop and grow their own relationship with God so as to get to a place of love shared between the two. In a sense, if the love you have for God grows outside of a religious sense it is still acceptable by God, and the more the love grows the more you are accepted by him. Although, religious practices go hand in hand with worshiping him so the more love you have for God the more you will do at his command because you know it will show the love you have for him.Other big differences are the belief that God exist as one in three persons which includes The Father, The Son and the Holy Spirit. In the Muslim religion there is one God, or better known as Allah. Period. Its beliefs are different from the teaching of the Christian faith. To Muslims, there is but one God, and Jesus, is merely a prophet, just as Muhammad was, for the people, born a virgin, but created just as Adam and all mankind was. However, Muhammad is who was chosen by God. The people of Muslim faith do not believe in Jesus dying on the cross, because they do not believe thatGod would allow such a torturous death to one of his followers, with that though Christians believe the death was needed in order to show salvations for all the sins of the people. For the Muslim, the Qu'ran is their book of direction; however it was not created until after the bible. As the Christians believe that the Bible is the only holy word direct from God, Muslims believe the Qu'ran has just the same importance. Christians believe their bible to be the only word, and that nothing can be added or taken away from it which is exactly what the Islamic people did by erecting the Qu'ran.Because of these essential differences and contradictions, Islam and Christianity cannot both be true. The Bible and Qur’an cannot both be God’s Word. The truth has eternal consequences. As stated above both believe in an eternal reward for good deeds, but the way in which you receive them differ as well. In the Christian religion, Jesus died for all si ns and as long as his existence is believed and people repent of their sins they can be forgiven, only by God's grace and granted access to a heavenly existence after earthly existence is finished.As far the Islamic religion is concerned paradise is only earned by keeping the five pillars, which include: The testimony of faith. This means, â€Å"There is no deity but Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. † A person can convert to Islam by stating this creed. The shahada shows that a Muslim believes in Allah alone as deity and believes that Muhammad reveals Allah. Prayer, Five ritual prayers must be performed every day. Giving, this almsgiving is a certain percentage given once a year. Fasting. Muslims fast during Ramadan in the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.They must not eat or drink from dawn until sunset. Pilgrimage. If physically and financially possible, a Muslim must make the pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia at least once. This is performed in the twelfth m onth of the Islamic calendar. These five pillars, are what Muslim followers believe if lived by will assist them in obtaining eternal life with the God in which they serve. When comparing these two religions, the contrast is also apparent in their way of life as well. Education and marriage are also two things common in both religions and cultures but very different.One thing is certain when analyzing the union of marriage or the importance and significance of education in the Muslim faith, religion goes hand in hand with each of these subjects because faith and religious growth is what determines the lifestyle of Muslims in every aspect. The Qur'an lays out clear guidelines for marriage. One of the main traits you should look for in a potential spouse is a similarity in religious outlook. For the sake of compatibility, and the upbringing of future children, it is most recommended for a Muslim to marry another Muslim.However, in some circumstances it is permissible for a Muslim to m arry a non-Muslim. The engagement is the biggest part of the wedding. Once the father has found a groom for his daughter, the wedding plans start rolling. The father than receives a bag of money as a thank you from the man who is about to marry his daughter. These are the oldest form of arraigned marriages and dowry is still a very important part of the proceedings. This is a token of his gratitude and loyalty to his daughter. Muslim beliefs are very strict when it comes to their marriages and the relationships within them.The man in the relationship is just that. He runs the household and everything that needs to be taken care of. In a Muslim relationship, the woman is meant to reproduce and take care of the home while her husband is at work. As the wife you are required to give your husband the utmost respect in absolutely every way. You are also required to accept and deal with any punishment that he feels you require. These are the beliefs of a Muslim marriage. However, these pu nishments and disciplines are not handed out the way that the media would have you believe.While a modern woman in America would have no part of this type of marriage, Muslim women have been taught no other teachings, and the faith is to be respected. While both religions look to their religion to lead their marriage, the Islamic faith is more likely to follow theirs to the letter. Christians also believe in the sanction of marriage and believe the same principles such as not cheating and staying true to the spouse. But, Christians are less likely to follow every step in the process. The penalties in one religion are nothing compared to the penalties in another.If you are a Muslim woman you cannot divorce your husband, he can only divorce you, adultery is punishable with death by stoning and there are almost no second chances, because the faith of the Islamic people are so strong this is excepted. However, Christianity is quite different; a woman may divorce her husband. Both men an d women are equal in marriage and one does not rule the other. However the woman should submit to the man in order to help their marriage to be successful. To be educated is also something that has noted differences between the two religions Education is the birth right of every Muslim and Muslimah.Islam puts considerable emphasis on its followers to acquire knowledge. Investment in education is the best investment one can make, because it eventually leads to intellectual property. Intellectual property is the intangible property, which no one can steal or destroy. This is the property on which no Government can levy a tax. In the Western World the purpose of education is to provide for the economic prosperity of a nation. At a personal level the purpose of education is to acquire academic and professional skills that enable one to earn a respectable living with riches and fame, and also a luxurious and comfortable life.For a Muslim providing economic prosperity of a nation does not contradict his /her Islamic belief, however focusing the goals of education solely for the purpose of money making is unpalatable. Muslims want to impart Islamic education. Women are educated differently than men as well.

Compare Glory Glory Be to Chocolate

Compare and analyse ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’ and ‘The Butcher’s Shop’ and how they represent the ideas/attitudes/feelings about food. In ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’, John Agard emphasises the marvellous and remarkable feelings the author has towards chocolate. He exaggerates his attitudes on how he feels food should be spoken about, as he constantly repeats religious references such as ‘manifestations’. Using the lexis from the semantic field of religion is useful for the author to strain his response on how chocolate tastes so good.The lexis ‘manifestations’ is a metaphor in the text that portrays that the chocolate has embodied god, showing the Agard’s feelings that chocolate is that powerful to him. Also he wants to share it with the audience by using influential words to hypnotise the reader by appealing to their senses. For example in the citation ‘mouth-watering bars†¦ that ring the tastebud bells’, Agard lures human senses into making them create an image of the ‘butterscotch and caramel’ chocolate that seems so pleasurable, which is one of the aims of John Agard’s; to make people want to appreciate food like he does.However, ‘The Butcher’s Shop’ gives a very negative perspective towards food as Angela Topping uses negative connotations to reveal her ideas and attitudes towards food. Topping explains the darkness in the butcher shop, making the reader imagine them being in the butcher shop witnessing the killing of the innocent animals. The events of the butcher shop illustrate the horrifying truth of what happens to animals instead of the fake stories that children are told in books.Throughout the poem, the author constantly uses a political under tones to give her opinion on the political party which she disagrees with, such as ‘their porky heads voting Tory all their lives their blue rosettes discarded n ow. ’ Topping uses the lexis ‘Tory’ in a negative way, as she tries to give her own opinion on the party, as she is anti tory and is saying the butcher is Tory and doesn’t want change. The butcher doesn’t want change as he likes the way things are going and that animals are killed for slaughter, which makes the readers put the Tory party in a scandalous light.Furthermore, the ‘blue rosettes’ symbolise the Tory party which mainly consist of upper class people but also are the colour rosettes that are given to the best animals at competitions, which is ironic as the animals that get murdered are not actually winners in the end, and their rosettes mean nothing now. At the end of the poem ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’, the last line is on its own stanza, to emphasise the importance of the sentence. By making it significant, Agard asks the audience a simple rhetorical question; ‘the makes every mouth a god? She uses the st raightforward lexis’ to question their views on if they think chocolate is ‘god-like’ which can create highly debatable conversations between people reading the poem. The use of the grammar also sums up the poem and gives the reader a clear choice as to whether they agree with his opinions of chocolate or disagree. By having ‘mouth a god’ in the sentence is a very strong term to have as it can create religious disagreements as some religions have more than one god and could create tension between some readers.In ‘The Butcher’s Shop’, the poem doesn’t flow like ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’ as it has abrupt feel to it throughout the novel with many sentences stopping halfway through and carrying on the next line. Topping uses enjambment through the poem to portray the continuous killings of the animals, and that meat is never ending no matter how much people protest against the butchery and consumption of meat. This is shown in the citation ‘open-mouthed dignified in martyrs’ death.They hang stiff as Sunday manners. ’ In the poem, the stanzas are presented in different lengths, which could represent the different pigs hanging in the butchers shop. Plus, using the adjective ‘dignified’ is described in a sarcastic manner as the poet is saying the pigs are being killed for the greater good and using the term ‘Sunday manner’s exposes that its normal for people to have meat when having the traditional British Sunday dinner and that’s what the animals are killed for.In conclusion, ‘Glory Glory Be to Chocolate’ uses religious references to portray Agards true passion towards chocolate and uses language devices to underline the prominence positive attitude food gives. While ‘The Butcher’s Shop’ gives a cruel feeling towards food, as Topping uses child imagery to demonstrate that there is no innocence in the butch ery and that children’s stories are merely lies as to what happens to animals.

Reflective Essay on Learning and Motivation Essay

This reflection essay relates to the learning and teaching theories discussed in the course work. The study begins with an overview that presents a narrative of my evolution as a learner. The subsequent sections present a description of motivational attributes of an effective teaching strategy implemented in classroom setting. The study also offers a summary of the strategies that can be adopted in order to make a successful learning experience in college. I attended an educational system where schooling was based on traditional teaching systems. Teaching approaches were similar to the approach of a â€Å"banking model.† The school’s procedure depicted the teachers’ roles as depositing correct information to the learners to a point that it was needed. I began preparing for an end or term exam in my first year in the school by revising material offered to us severally. I did not have any notion why I had to learn the material (Zhang, 2009). Therefore, my life in t he school and my learning experiences were done through â€Å"rote learning.† The school system made emphasis on performance objectives over learning goals. During my third week in the school, I encountered an experience that changed my approach and motivation to learning. The experience came about after and encountered with my third year English 101 tutor, Mr. Rickie. He was very smart he had a good grounding on issues of English and career advice. His past engagements in learning and curriculum development allowed me to be consistent and relevant to learning motivation. The year was marked by class members taking the class as passive and engaged in class games instead of concentrating during class sessions (Zhang, 2009). The fourteenth week of the class people started seeing the sense of paying attention during class sessions, and we started enjoying French. The students’ attitude to the class took a different turn due to the measures he took to change the learning atmosphere. First, Mr. Rickie made the class lively through â€Å"activity setting† on Wednesday classes. The students were separated into manageable groups of five each. Students from each group were dressed to fit the roles assigned to their respective groups. The class als o created these situations as role-plays. In subsequent week, Mr. Rickie asked us about our goals as well as professions we dreamt to pursue after our education. For instance, my group took the assignment of having meetings with professionals. The day the group took to play a role, I opted to play a  lawyer. My group had prepared to meet within a restaurant and conversations were to be in English. Teachers who use such an approach consider teachers and students as co-constructors of knowledge through meaningful ways. The approach to learning considers the environment as well as role of peers in through interactions of questioning, interpreting, and listening to others’ ideas. Teachers using the learning strategy take into consideration students’ different understanding levels and diverse learning styles in eliciting ideas (Benson, 2008). The process through which students embraces opportunities of generating various ideas and clarifying their own enables reflection on provisions of fellow students. The past academic year presented me with an opportunity to address a graduate level course in Radford University. I observed a critical difference among the students through implementing diverse teaching styles. The goal of making thing classroom more interactive and motivated is a topic of discussion where groups review materials covered. In conclusion, my illustration of effective teaching strategies includes contributions and roles of teachers facilitating and co-constructing knowledge (Benson, 2008). The ultimate learning motivation includes active inclusion of students in course activities. Classrooms that embrace effective teaching strategies uphold the principles of diverse learning styles and the realization that students encounter differences in their levels of understanding.

Wrting assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wrting - Assignment Example As per the China Daily report, for the same period, the nominal GDP was $1.87 trillion and PPP GDP was $5.07 trillion for India, another emerging economic power from Asia (â€Å"Top 10 countries..†). As per the report of Institute for Economic Competitiveness, the world’s largest economy United States posted a nominal GDP of $16.8 trillion in 2013, but the country’s GDP growth was only 2.3% for the first quarter of 2014. Official government data also indicate that the Chinese economy’s GDP per capita (nominal $6,747 and PPP $9,844) for 2013 assisted the country to strengthen its economic position in the global economy (â€Å"China GDP..†). China is a communist country, and hence it follows the communist principle of equal distribution of wealth and money among the people. As a result, income inequality is not a big problem in China as compared to capitalist countries like the United States and United Kingdom. However, some recent reports indicate that income inequality is turning out to be a growing concern in the current Chinese market economy despite the country’s status as a communist economic system (Lecture notes, ‘Education’). The Asian Development Bank Institute indicates that implementation of reform and open door policies in China in 1978 significantly contributed to the emergence of income inequality issues in the country. The Economist reported that the China’s official Gini coefficient was 0.474 as of 2012, but many economists argue that the country’s real inequality is far greater (â€Å"Inequality. Gini out of the bottle†). China, officially People’s Republic of China, is a communist country or single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. Key positions in the state structure and military are occupied by the members of Communist Party. The Chinese Communist Party is controlled

Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Magners has a lot of strong competitors in the cider market. Most of these competitors have existed for decades now. During the early 1990s, Diamond White and Max were a major rage all over. This was before alcopops took over and nudged traditional drinks on a corner. During the 1960s and 1970s, pear cider gained a lot of popularity. This was a result of the marketing campaign by Baby champ. The industry continues to grow and has grown its set of competitors in the market over the years. The industry is of the view that the current renaissance will take the somewhere. Some major set of competitors include Scottish, Newcastle and Constellation Europe. They have spent a lot of moolah on promotional campaigns and advertisements to promote Cider. What remains to be seen is to what extend will each of these big wigs fare in the market. When Magner was launched initially, it was perceived as a drink for teenagers and park benchers. Since then it has gone through a makeover. They have come up with various ways to promote their brand. Most notably by lowering the alcoholic content in the bottle, serving it chilled and by launching a 30 million advertising campaign. Magner soon regained its position via this and grew by 33 %. Rivals did not rest low. They were quick to react as they saw potential in the cider market. Magner’s success thus paved way for a huge influx of other brands. Scottish and New Castle as mentioned earlier were quick to re-launch their Bulmer’s. They were all over the market and Bulmer’s had a massive marketing campaign wherein its packaging was identical to that of Magners.

Two sides of the Same Coin Called Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Two sides of the Same Coin Called Love - Essay Example These poems illustrate the theme of eternal love, although in My Mistress' Eyes, the speaker uses a realistic approach and constructs the poem as a parody of traditional sonneteers’ romanticized descriptions of their mistresses, while A Summer’s Day underscores the speaker’s everlasting love through undermining the inability of a traditional notion of summer in capturing his beloved’s magnificence. My Mistress' Eyes lampoons the usual similes and metaphors of romantic sonneteers, whereas A Summer’s Day employs eternal summer and lasting lines as fitting metaphors for his eternal love and his beloved’s beauty. The theme of these poems is undying love, although love is depicted in different approaches. In My Mistress' Eyes, the speaker does not even start with the usual compliment given to women’s physical attractiveness. Instead, he immediately begins with a negative depiction: â€Å"My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun† (Shakespeare line 1). The rest of the lines are all contradictions of the common similes and metaphors of love poems, such as comparing women’s beauty or their facial parts to corals, snow, roses, perfumes, and goddesses. Nevertheless, in line 13, the speaker asserts his undying devotion to his mistress when he says: â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare/As any she belied with false compare† (Shakespeare 13-14). The speaker stresses that his love may probably be more lasting than those who describe their mistresses in unrealistic terms. As one article notes: â€Å"†¦he thinks his beloved is as unique as any other woman wh o has been lied about by other poets through the use of false comparators† (Grace 1).... He finds â€Å"summer† inadequate, however, because it is too short, â€Å"†¦summer's lease hath all too short a date† (Shakespeare 4), â€Å"too hot† (Shakespeare 5), â€Å"dimm’d† by the clouds (Shakespeare 6), and â€Å"declines† in beauty (Shakespeare 7). Apparently, the summer’s day is incomparable to the love he feels for his audience and the kind of beauty his beloved possesses. Instead, the only object that he can compare his love to is with his â€Å"eternal lines† (Shakespeare 12). Only through these lines can his love breathe forever and that is how much he loves his target audience. The speakers of these two poems emphasize that their love is rare and undying, but My Mistress' Eyes satirizes the traditional sonneteers’ idealized descriptions of their mistresses, while A Summer’s Day underscores the speaker’s everlasting love through comparing his love to summer and poetry. The speaker in My Mistress' Eyes does not think twice in saying what he â€Å"sees† in his mistress. He is direct in his tone, when he says that his mistress is nothing like the sun, corals, snow, roses, perfumes, and goddesses. He matter-of-factly states: â€Å"Coral is far more red than her lips' red;/If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun† (Shakespeare 2-3). Her lips are not at all red and her breasts are even dun or brownish gray. Roses are red, but the speaker asserts that these roses are not found in his mistress’ cheeks. He even notes that her breath is far from perfume and that it â€Å"reeks† (Shakespeare 8). And yet he loves hearing her speak, even when â€Å"†¦music hath a far more pleasing sound† (Shakespeare 10). He also cannot compare her to a goddess, for he has not seen one in his lifetime. At the same

Election speach to student reptresentative Speech or Presentation

Election speach to student reptresentative - Speech or Presentation Example As this new approach to renovate the activities and achievements of the previous Council can be best demonstrated by first-year students, I'd request you to offer me the opportunity to represent Level 1 law students of our institution. As a candidate for this year's student representative election, I'd like to highlight my experience of working as the vice chairman of the Student representative council of my high school where I was also the football team captain for 5 years. I also take this opportunity to express my positive strategy to represent the common feeling of my friends to the management in a genuine manner. I'll try my best to communicate the student voice to the university management and work to achieve the student needs as a true representative of their feeling. I also promise never to be biased with a group of students against the others nor to be blind or deaf to the burning issues of my friends.

Group Project for Project Management Class Term Paper

Group Project for Project Management Class - Term Paper Example In the case of Lawson time tracking system, the project has been broken down into various manageable phases. The first phase is project initiation and planning. Here the main activity that should take place is the project stakeholders meeting to form working groups and split the various tasks to the teams formed. This whole phase has been approximated to take fifteen days after which the project is kicked off. The second phase is a bit short and meant to prepare the whole process of system installation. The stakeholders are supposed to identify the resources required, prepare the required hardware and create a deployment plan. The deployment plan is a document that will be given to the stakeholders informing them what they have been assigned to do and the period they are given to do the same. This should be a detailed document to avoid any sort of delays in the completion of this project. This phase is supposed to take a maximum of twenty one days. The second stage in this second pha se is system installation and testing. This stage is supposed to take a maximum of 374 days. It is the most critical stage in the process of system development since it also involves the system changeover. The first step is to install the software on the server after which the web applications are then installed. Care must be taken to ensure that all the security features and auto-update features will be installed together with the system. Security essentials are a necessity to ensure that the integrity of data and information is protected from unauthorized access. The auto update features are to help in updating the system platforms at all times to ensure they conform to the exact requirements. After the above is ensured complete and successful, the company data is installed into the system. The data installed include all the system users’ information and their log in verification information. Then a review is conducted on the checklist to ensure that all the steps are accom plished. This step is supposed to take 21 days. The second step in this stage is the testing of the installation stage. A test is conducted on the servers deployed and the general success in web application installation. After they are confirmed to function at the expected standards, the functionality of the user database is conducted. Here, the team is expected to check the security system to ascertain that user login safe and secured. All user passwords must be confirmed fed to the system to avoid denying any user access to his database account. All the errors confirmed present in the system are then fixed by the relevant personnel. This is a process expected to last 22 days maximally. A review on the inspection of the system is then conducted to signoff the whole process of installation. Work breakdown structure with estimated costs An estimated $100000 was to be used in the project. This was to cover for all the cost of all the phases that are in this project. When estimating th is cost, several factors were put into consideration. The amount of both skilled and unskilled manpower that was needed for the completion of the project was put in place. The estimated amount is not distributed equally in phases because some of the phases require more resourcing than others. Phases two is to take almost 50% of this amount because it requires a lot of things to be put in place. First the installation has to be put in plac

Computers and Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Computers and Science - Assignment Example For this topic we will base our discussion on a computer program that is used for Chemistry solve a data collection. 7E Learning Model Based Computer-Assisted Teaching Materials on Precipitation Titrations use the quasi experimental design was used (Gay as cited by Kunduz 2013 787). The scenarios based on the 7E as based on real life chemical problems written by authors (786). The aim was to develop a computer assisted device which involved animations and laboratory academically computer software†¦ used in unit ‘precipitationtitration’ (789). This is very helpful for students who find it difficult during titrations this study can help with the analysis of data, instrument and procedures and findings. Didactic Analysis of the web acid-base titration simulations applied in pre-graduate chemistry. The acid base titrations accessible via the internet covered three part topics algorithm of titration course, course of titration curve and concentration calculation (Machkova 2013 837). This simulation was used for learning practice (837). The didactic analysis is used by teach about the curves for titration and the presentation of titration. This is helpful for people doing research on acid base titrations. Computer study has proved to be useful in doing difficult technical work not as compared to traditional work whereby man was the problem solver. Since titrations prove to be difficult to students the 7E learning model may be useful to teachers who would rather explain using a research already done and in abstract view of the whole process of the research. Thus the students may know the expected results for the research also the 7E learning model contains questions before the result. The Didactic Analysis is also a good research model as it gives learners choice on which specific research they want The program should also be able to get results from the individual growth rate so as to be able to calculate the average growth rate of the total

Language, Acquisition, and Teaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Language, Acquisition, and Teaching - Essay Example This highlights the lively discourse pertinent to the process of language acquisition, specifically, when dealing with the issue of first language acquisition vis-a-vis second language acquisition. In this context, this research will delve on two significant issues, namely, â€Å"How far can the process of first language acquisition be taken as a model for the acquisition of a second language? What are the implications for the second language teachers?† For purposes of limitation and clarification, for this study the term â€Å"first language† pertains to the native language of a person, which has been acquired without undergoing formal learning processes to acquire the language, since it is the mother tongue of the person. It is the language the child learns from his/her parents, family, relatives, and from others (Yaz?c?, Ilter, and Glover, 2010). On the other hand, second language is another language acquired by the person, aside from her mother tongue. Second langua ge is a language learnt after the first language and it is often contrasted with ‘foreign’ in terms of function and location (Cook 2006; 2008). For example, a four-year-old Indonesian child who speaks Bahasa Indonesia at home, while the child’s family reside in Netherlands, and therefore she studies Dutch. As such, the child is acquiring SL. On the other hand, a four-year-old Indonesian child whose family resides in Indonesia, speaks Bahasa Indonesia, studies Bahasa Indonesia in school; is therefore developing FLA alone. This distinction serves as a guide in understanding these two terms as it is used in the entire research. The paper recognises the broadness of the offered connotations of first language and second language. Nonetheless, what is essential is that through the minimal distinction provided between the two concepts, a parameter is set, thus, enabling the possibility of distinction between FLA and SLA. In addition, the paper also defines language acqu isition as the subconscious process of developing language ability and that it is fostered in a non-threatening environment (Krashen, 1981). On the other hand, language learning is also a process of developing language ability, however, it occurs in academic setting and there is a conscious effort in knowing the syntax and semantics of a particular language (Krashen 1981). From this perspective, the paper asserts that aside from chronology and contrast with the term ‘foreign’, second language acquisition (SLA) is a process wherein the person as a student in an academic setting learns another language. It is a conscious endeavour to acquire a second language aside from one’s mother tongue. In this regard, the necessity of a shared framework between first language acquisition (FLA) and second language acquisition (SLA) becomes feasible as it offers the paradigm in which FLA becomes the initial framework in which sense and meaning of the second language is apprehend ed. In this regard, second language teachers are challenged to recognise not only the academic, language, and cognitive development of the learner, but they also have to learn to factor the socio-economic and cultural processes and other affective factors that influence the person as she goes though SLA.